CARBOTURA
| Circular Materials Catalog (CMC)
Catalog rev. v2027.0
Carbon-negative · Near-zero residual · 100 TPD modular factory (smallest deployable ACM Manufacturing Center; the modular unit cell)

2027
Circular Materials Catalog

The complete portfolio of circular-manufactured materials produced by the Carbotura Advanced Circular Manufacturing (ACM) platform. Manufacturing feedstock enters through Pregenesis™™ (preparation by Feedstock Haulers), is broken to its molecular level in the Recyclotron™ Regenesis™ protocol via Microwave Catalytic Reforming (MCR) at 650 °C+ in an anoxic environment to produce OmniCrude™ (the elementally rich intermediate state), then refined through Regenesis™ MAX™ into RevCon™-graded products — from RevCon™ 1 industrial commodities through RevCon™ 5 ultra-pure research-grade specialties. Together with the Circular Advantage program, the four protocols achieve Total Material Conversion (TMC): designed to convert virtually all incoming feedstock into saleable manufactured materials and net-positive ultrapure water. Every product is carbon-negative by design, blockchain-traceable via the Regenesis™ MAX™ product parameters, and validated against EPA, JRC, and peer-reviewed literature.

—
Saleable products
7
Material families
5
RevCon™ levels
~99%
Designed feedstock
conversion
100
TPD total per modular factory
(75 TPD manufacturing feedstock + 25 TPD co-fed legacy ash)

The Carbotura ACM Manufacturing Center is a deterministic circular engineering system. Every tonne of manufacturing feedstock that enters produces 116 saleable products, generates all the electricity the facility needs, and sequesters more carbon in stable products than the facility emits in operations. Near-zero residual exits the system. No grid power enters. This is the engineering specification.

Total Material Conversion

The ACM facility operates on a single governing principle: every material that enters must exit as a saleable product. The mass balance closes. There is no designed RCRA solid waste stream. Mineral ash becomes aggregate. Metal fractions become refined metals. Organic carbon becomes graphite. Glass becomes cullet, microspheres, or ultra-pure silica. The 116-product catalog was designed backwards from the residual streams — every potential residual has a product identity and a market.

116 saleable products from a single feedstock stream

Hydrogen-Powered Island Mode

The facility has no grid connection. All electricity is generated internally from hydrogen recovered from the manufacturing feedstock stream via a PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell stack. The electrochemical reaction is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + electricity + heat. The only electrochemical reaction product is pure water — recovered and entered into the Water catalog (WTR). Scope 2 emissions do not arise: no grid electricity is purchased.

0 grid electricity consumed
0 Scope 2 emissions (structural)

Designed Carbon-Negative

Carbon from the manufacturing feedstock exits through three designed pathways — none of which is the atmosphere. Pathway 1: biogenic carbon permanently sequestered in crystalline graphite and advanced carbon products (geologically stable; CDR-eligible under Puro.earth MC2.1). Pathway 2: CO₂ mineralised into calcium carbonate lattice via MIN-004 PCC (440 kg CO₂ permanently locked per tonne of product — exact stoichiometry). Pathway 3: hydrogen electrochemical recombination in the PEM fuel cell — produces no CO₂. The net facility carbon balance is designed to be negative. Combined with the avoided landfill methane that would otherwise be generated from the same feedstock stream (GWP-100 = 27.9 × CO₂), the total designed climate benefit is 20,000–36,000 t CO₂e per year at the 100 TPD configuration.

22 CDR-eligible products
~36K t CO₂e / yr total climate benefit (100 TPD)

Net Water Producer

Conventional manufacturing facilities consume water. The Carbotura ACM facility produces it. The PEM fuel cell stack — the facility's sole power source — generates approximately 9 kg of ultra-pure water per kg of hydrogen consumed as a direct product of electricity generation. At 100 TPD manufacturing feedstock, the designed WTR-FC water production is 25–36 tonnes per day. This water is inherently mineral-free (it forms from hydrogen and oxygen — no dissolved minerals), requiring only polishing to reach semiconductor-grade and pharmaceutical-grade specifications. No conventional water treatment facility can produce ultra-pure water as a by-product of power generation.

25–36 t/day ultra-pure water from PEM (100 TPD)
NLD near-zero liquid discharge by design

Perpetually Renewable Feedstock

Manufacturing feedstock — the urban commercial and manufacturing materials that would otherwise enter landfill — is perpetually renewed by economic activity. Every tonne that enters the Carbotura facility is replaced by ongoing human production, consumption, and commerce. It is not finite like fossil fuels. Not land-dependent like agricultural biomass. Not weather-dependent like solar or wind. Not import-dependent — it is generated locally in every major metropolitan area, and growing with urbanisation. The products manufactured from this feedstock therefore carry a perpetually renewable credential that is physical and direct — not certificate-backed, not grid-average, not offset. The carbon in the graphite was in US paper and packaging last month. The copper was in US wiring last year. No geological extraction required.

∞ feedstock renewal — urban economic activity
0 geological extraction at any stage
Three Carbon Pathways — Every Carbon Atom Accounted
1
Permanent Sequestration
Biogenic carbon → crystalline graphite lattice (d₀₀₂ < 0.337 nm) or calcium carbonate mineral. Geologically stable. CDR-eligible under Puro.earth MC2.1. 12,000–18,000 t C/yr at 100 TPD.
CRB family (21 products) · MIN-004 PCC
2
Circular Carbon
Aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX, styrene, phenol) and industrial gases re-enter the industrial carbon cycle — displacing petroleum-derived equivalents. No new fossil carbon extraction required to produce these materials.
ARM family (13 products) · GAS-003 CO₂ · GAS-016 CO
3
Zero-Carbon Energy
Hydrogen from the feedstock stream feeds the PEM fuel cell. 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + electricity. Zero CO₂ produced. The facility's entire energy supply generates no carbon emissions — and produces water as its only exhaust.
H₂ → PEM → WTR-FC products + facility electricity
Baseline Comparison — Same Feedstock, Three Outcomes
Dimension Sanitary Landfill Mass-Burn WtE Carbotura ACM designed
Net carbon outcomePositive — CH₄ + CO₂Positive — CO₂ ~1:1Negative — CDR + avoided CH₄
Energy sourceGrid (fossil mix)Self (steam turbine)Self — H₂ PEM, zero CO₂
Scope 2 emissionsGrid carbon intensityLow (self-powered)Zero — no grid connection
Solid residue to landfill~100% of input mass~20–30% (bottom ash)Near-zero residual · ≥99% product conversion
Water outputNet consumerNet consumerNet producer — PEM exhaust
Saleable productsNoneEnergy only116 products
CDR credit generationNoneNoneDesigned — CRB + MIN-004
Avoided landfill CH₄Source — ~8,000–14,000 t CO₂e/yrPartial — depending on diversion100% avoided by conversion to product

All Carbotura figures are design-basis estimates derived from engineering mass and energy balance modelling. Subject to verification during facility commissioning. Technical documentation available in the Engineering Portal (Carbotura team access).

Every product in this catalog is produced at a fully energy-autonomous ACM Manufacturing Center powered exclusively by manufacturing feedstock-derived hydrogen via PEM fuel cell. Zero grid electricity consumed. Facility designed for negative net carbon balance and near-zero residual discharge. Feedstock is perpetually renewable urban manufacturing material — no geological extraction required.
Yields Production figures shown for steady-state operation at four facility configurations: 1× module — 100 TPD total input (75 TPD manufacturing feedstock + 25 TPD legacy ash co-feed; smallest deployable ACM Manufacturing Center), 4× modules — 400 TPD total (preferred-minimum Circular Supply Agreement (CSA) configuration), 10× modules — 1,000 TPD total, and 20× modules — 2,000 TPD total. Each module operates at 50% capacity factor with 350 operating days/year. Legacy ash co-feed is 25% of total input. CDR-eligible products carry the · CDR · badge (21 carbon products + 1 mineralized carbonate; primary registry: Puro.earth).
Commodities RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 Research Trace Disposition
↑ Upcycle path (next RevCon™ tier)
↓ Downcycle path (off-spec → reflow)
⇄ Clean split (forks to multiple products from same precursor)
NEW New for 2027 platform
terminal RevCon ceiling for this material class
ⓘ Hover for data source / calibration note
v2027.0 · Yields validated against EPA, JRC, peer-reviewed sources (see footer)
No products match the current filters.
Near-zero residual · near-zero emissions · near-zero discharge

Trace Element Disposition

Every atom that enters the facility through manufacturing feedstock or co-fed legacy ash exits through one of the catalog's product lines. The system is engineered for near-zero residual, near-zero atmospheric emissions, and near-zero liquid discharge — every species in the feedstock has a defined disposition. Trace elements present below the threshold for their own dedicated product line are concentrated into bulk products of the appropriate refining family within those products' spec tolerances; below-spec off-spec material is captured by polishing modules and recirculated to Recyclotron™ feed; fugitive particulates are recovered by the APS Product Recovery System and returned to the appropriate processing line. The table below tracks the disposition of every category of trace element appearing in the combined manufacturing feedstock + co-fed legacy ash stream.

Trace Species Source Destination Mechanism
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Sb) co-fed legacy fly-ash fraction + electronics feedstock MTL-RC4-HM products
(MTL-028/029/030/031, MTL-051)		 Selective extraction at ASH-VAL (Step 3 of ash sequence). Heavy metals concentrated by oxidative leaching, separated by precipitation, refined to >99.99% in dedicated MTL trains.
Rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Y, Pr, Gd) legacy ash + HDD magnets + display phosphors MTL-RC4-REE products
(MTL-016 → MTL-021)		 Solvent extraction + selective precipitation at ASH-REE (Step 2 of ash sequence). Critical to capture before mineral carbonation locks them into stable carbonates.
Precious metals (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) E-waste fraction (PCBs, contacts) + catalytic converters MTL-RC3-PRC
(MTL-012 → MTL-015)		 Hydrometallurgical leach + cementation in dedicated PRC train. E-waste fraction is mechanically separated upstream of MCR; cat-cons are routed directly to PRC.
Specialty metals (Ga, In, W, Bi) LED, LCD, filament, cosmetic waste fractions MTL-RC5-AE products
(MTL-040 → MTL-043)		 Selective leach + multi-stage purification on the small-volume electronics-fraction-derived stream. See Research & Demonstration tier.
Calcium (Ca²⁺), Magnesium (Mg²⁺) Bulk legacy ash (~10–25% CaO) MIN-004 PCC + MIN-002 SCM Ash carbonation at ASH-CO2: alkaline minerals react with facility-internal GAS-003 CO₂ to form stable carbonates. Carries durable CO₂ removal credit (~0.44 t CO₂ per t MIN-004).
Trace silica, alumina, iron oxides Bulk manufacturing feedstock + co-fed legacy ash mineral matrix MIN family
(MIN-001 aggregate → MIN-005 filler)		 Post-extraction mineral residue routed to MIN-RC0-COL after the four-step ash sequence. Becomes pozzolanic SCM, geopolymer precursor, ceramic filler.
Trace organics, nitrogen, sulfur Variable across manufacturing feedstock (food, plastics, textiles) GAS family + ARM family Tar cracking in MCR freeboard fully decomposes complex organics to syngas (CO/H₂/CH₄/CO₂) and BTX aromatics. N and S species captured at gas separation; no organic discharge possible.
Alkali salts (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, F⁻) Food waste, cleaning products, road salt residue WTR-RC2 / RC3 ion-exchange + brine concentrate Captured in deionization stages of WTR cascade. Brine concentrate processed for industrial salt recovery or cycled to ASH-CO2 for trace mineralization.
Below-spec residuals (< 1 ppm any species) Polishing-stage rejects across all families CRB-003 activated carbon → MCR recirculation Residuals adsorbed onto activated carbon polishing beds; spent sorbent returned to Recyclotron™ feed where the carbon matrix becomes new char (CRB-001) and trapped species redistribute through the system on the next pass.
Off-spec product fractions Quality-failure rejects from any RC tier RC1 of same family (downcycle path) Every product in the catalog has an explicit downcycle path shown by the ↓ symbol — off-spec material returns to the family's RC1 collection point and re-enters the refining cascade. No rejected material leaves the facility.
Fugitive particulates (any species) Drying, milling, transfer operations IAPPCS capture → CRB-RC0-FED or MIN-RC0-COL Integrated Atmospheric Protection & Particulate Capture System captures 100% of fugitive particulates. Carbon-rich particulates routed to char feedstock; mineral particulates routed to mineral residue feed.

The closed-loop principle

Mass conservation by design. The Recyclotron™ processes 100 TPD of feedstock at steady state (AI-controlled feedstock mix; typical 75 TPD manufacturing feedstock + 25 TPD co-fed legacy ash, delivered into Pregenesis™™ directly or via the Exogenesis™ precursor protocol) at steady state. The sum of all output streams — six Recyclotron™ molecular outputs plus PEM fuel-cell ultra-pure water plus carbonate-mineralized CO₂ — equals the mass input plus the CO₂ taken up during ash carbonation. There is no dump bin, no purge, no flare, no aeration tank, no landfill. The facility is engineered such that no atom has a destination labelled "discard."

Trace elements at < spec threshold are not discarded — they are co-located with the appropriate bulk product. A few hundred ppm of cobalt in the iron pigment stream (MTL-050), parts-per-million zinc in mineral aggregate (MIN-001), trace organics in the carbonate (MIN-004) — these are within the customer specs of those products and travel with them as benign co-constituents. Where the bulk product spec is tighter than what trace co-location can support, polishing modules pull the trace species out and the spent polishing media is recirculated to Recyclotron™ feed, where the trace element redistributes through the next pass and ultimately concentrates into a stream where it has commercial value.

The IAPPCS delivers near-zero atmospheric release. All vented gases pass through the Integrated Atmospheric Protection & Particulate Capture System before any potential release point. Particulate capture is filterless on the back end — captured material returns to upstream processing where it becomes feedstock for the next reaction cycle.

Data Sources & Calibration Notes

All yields in this catalog are validated against published data on manufacturing feedstock composition, legacy ash analysis, and global production capacity for specialty materials. Per-module figures are expressed at 100 TPD total input (75 TPD manufacturing feedstock + 25 TPD legacy ash co-feed) and reflect what is actually recoverable from the validated feedstock composition, not theoretical maxima.

Feedstock composition

  • EPA Facts & Figures 2018 — manufacturing feedstock national overview: electronics feedstock = 0.92% (2.7 Mt of 292.4 Mt total); metals = 9–13%; glass = 5%; paper/board = 23%
  • MDPI Energies 2025 (Vol. 18, 2101) — co-fed legacy ash: 1–3% Fe, ≤0.4% non-ferrous; fly ash heavy metals (Pb/Cd/Sb)
  • Center for Sustainable Systems, U. Michigan (2023) — manufacturing feedstock composition profile, regional management

Precious metals from electronics feedstock

  • Royal Mint / C&EN (2024) — 1 t PCBs ≈ 90 g Au, 400 g Ag, kg-scale Cu
  • Sci. Adv. 2022 (Tour et al., abm3132) — Flash Joule Heating REE recovery; electronics feedstock 5–970 ppm Pd, 10–1600 ppm Au
  • Global E-waste Monitor 2024 — $91B in raw materials in 62 Mt electronics feedstock; recovery rates < 25%

Critical raw materials & REEs

  • JRC RMIS (EU) — Critical Raw Materials assessments 2017/2020/2023; LREE/HREE/PGM groupings
  • ACS Sust. Resource Mgmt. 2024 — REE recovery from manufacturing feedstock legacy combustion-based processing ash; citrate-oxalate route
  • ACS Materials 2023 — Phosphorus & CRM recovery from sewage/manufacturing feedstock/biomass ash

Air separation & noble gases

  • Royal Society 1956 (Aoki & Makide) — Atmospheric Kr = 1.139 ppm, Xe = 0.086 ppm by volume
  • EFC Gases / JinHong Gas (2024) — ASU yield: 1.2 kg Xe + 7 kg Kr per 1000 t O₂ output
  • Union Carbide US Patent 4401448 — Cryogenic Xe/Kr recovery process

Nanocarbon production scale

  • Future Markets Inc. 2023 / Coatings World — OCSiAl global SWCNT capacity 75–150 t/yr (≈90% market share)
  • MarketsandMarkets 2024 — Global CNT market $1.31B (2024); MWCNT capacity ~1000+ t/yr (LG, JEIO, Cabot)
  • OCSiAl TUBALL data sheets — Reduced graphene oxide / multi-layer graphene at specialty 50–500 kg/d scale

Process & energy

  • NREL / DOE-ARPA-E (2020) — E-waste fraction in manufacturing feedstock; circular manufacturing rates by category
  • EPA AP-42 / legacy WTE — Combustion ash composition; CaO content (~10–25%) for carbonation
  • Carbotura MCR & Recyclotron™ specifications — Internal: thermal balance, ash carbonation stoichiometry

Recalibration v2027.0 dropped 8 products from the prior draft that lacked feedstock support: Mo (5N6), V (5N), Be, Se, Te, Tl, V₂O₅, and Benzo[a]pyrene. RC5 was split into RC5-C Commercial (production-scale) and RC5-R Research/Demonstration (gram to kilogram per day, feedstock-limited or globally specialty-scale). Where calibration changed materially, the source citation is shown as a ⓘ tooltip on the product row.

The Vortex™

The official Carbotura logo mark — the electromagnetic spiral of the Recyclotron™, where manufacturing feedstock is broken to its molecular level and reformed into the catalog's product lines. The orbital elements represent the continuous cycle of material transformation that defines Advanced Circular Manufacturing.

Island Mode

Each ACM Manufacturing Center generates all of its own electrical and thermal load internally — the 8 MW PEM fuel cell stack consumes facility-internal H₂ (produced at three points: Recyclotron™ embedded MCR with fluidized-bed steam injection, Carbon Recovery Unit plasma cracker, and Water-Gas Shift reactor) and produces 857 MWh/day of electricity plus ultra-pure water at 400 TPD baseline. ~5% reserve buffer. No grid dependence. No external H₂ sales.

Revenue Stack

Up to six independent revenue streams per ACM Manufacturing Center: Beneficiation Fee (TMC Fee), strategic-materials sales (graphite, REEs), recovered-water products, CO₂ product streams (carbon products, mineralized construction materials, food/industrial-grade gas), §45Q carbon-sequestration tax credits, and voluntary CDR credits via Puro.earth. Decouples returns from any single commodity market.

BOO Operating Model

Carbotura finances, assembles, deploys, owns, and operates every ACM Manufacturing Center under 30-year Circular Supply Agreement (CSA)s (Build, Own, Operate / Assemble, Deploy, Own, Operate). Feedstock Suppliers pay the Beneficiation Fee for conversion services and receive the Circular Royalty™ beginning month 13 — derived from the value of materials manufactured from their feedstock. Feedstock Haulers deliver to the modular factory; legacy hauling roles transition into Feedstock Hauler roles within the Circular Advantage program.